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All Character References as Read by JAWS

Guide to the Results

ISO 8859-1 Characters

Latin 1

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
no-break space = non-breaking space		 	 	NOT SPOKEN
inverted exclamation mark	¡	¡	¡	inverted exclaim
cent sign	¢	¢	¢	cents
pound sign	£	£	£	pounds
currency sign	¤	¤	¤	symbol
yen sign = yuan sign	¥	¥	¥	yen
broken bar = broken vertical bar	¦	¦	¦	broken bar
section sign	§	§	§	section
diaeresis = spacing diaeresis	¨	¨	¨	dyaeresis
copyright sign	©	©	©	copyright
feminine ordinal indicator	ª	ª	ª	superscript ay
left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet	«	«	«	left double angle bracket
not sign	¬	¬	¬	optional hyphen
soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen	­	­	­	NOT SPOKEN
registered sign = registered trade mark sign	®	®	®	registered
macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar	¯	¯	¯	macron
degree sign	°	°	°	degrees
plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign	±	±	±	plus or minus
superscript two = superscript digit two = squared	²	²	²	superscript two
superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed	³	³	³	superscript three
acute accent = spacing acute	´	´	´	NOT SPOKEN
micro sign	µ	µ	µ	mu
pilcrow sign = paragraph sign	¶	¶	¶	paragraph
middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot	·	·	·	dot
cedilla = spacing cedilla	¸	¸	¸	cedilla
superscript one = superscript digit one	¹	¹	¹	superscript one
masculine ordinal indicator	º	º	º	degrees
right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet	»	»	»	right double angle bracket
vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter	¼	¼	¼	one fourth
vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half	½	½	½	one half
vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters	¾	¾	¾	three fourths
inverted question mark = turned question mark	¿	¿	¿	inverted question
latin capital letter A with grave = latin capital letter A grave	À	À	À	Ay gràve
latin capital letter A with acute	Á	Á	Á	Ay acute
latin capital letter A with circumflex	Â	Â	Â	Ay circumflex
latin capital letter A with tilde	Ã	Ã	Ã	Ay tilda
latin capital letter A with diaeresis	Ä	Ä	Ä	Ay umlaut
latin capital letter A with ring above = latin capital letter A ring	Å	Å	Å	Ay
latin capital letter AE = latin capital ligature AE	Æ	Æ	Æ	Ay E
latin capital letter C with cedilla	Ç	Ç	Ç	C cedilla
latin capital letter E with grave	È	È	È	E gràve
latin capital letter E with acute	É	É	É	E acute
latin capital letter E with circumflex	Ê	Ê	Ê	E circumflex
latin capital letter E with diaeresis	Ë	Ë	Ë	E umlaut
latin capital letter I with grave	Ì	Ì	Ì	I gràve
latin capital letter I with acute	Í	Í	Í	I acute
latin capital letter I with circumflex	Î	Î	Î	Greek capital pi
latin capital letter I with diaeresis	Ï	Ï	Ï	I umlaut
latin capital letter ETH	Ð	Ð	Ð	Eth
latin capital letter N with tilde	Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Any
latin capital letter O with grave	Ò	Ò	Ò	O gràve
latin capital letter O with acute	Ó	Ó	Ó	O acute
latin capital letter O with circumflex	Ô	Ô	Ô	O circumflex
latin capital letter O with tilde	Õ	Õ	Õ	O tilda
latin capital letter O with diaeresis	Ö	Ö	Ö	O umlaut
multiplication sign	×	×	×	times
latin capital letter O with stroke = latin capital letter O slash	Ø	Ø	Ø	O
latin capital letter U with grave	Ù	Ù	Ù	U gràve
latin capital letter U with acute	Ú	Ú	Ú	U acute
latin capital letter U with circumflex	Û	Û	Û	U circumflex
latin capital letter U with diaeresis	Ü	Ü	Ü	U umlaut
latin capital letter Y with acute	Ý	Ý	Ý	y acute
latin capital letter THORN	Þ	Þ	Þ	Thorn
latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed	ß	ß	ß	ess zed
latin small letter a with grave = latin small letter a grave	à	à	à	ay gràve
latin small letter a with acute	á	á	á	ay acute
latin small letter a with circumflex	â	â	â	ay circumflex
latin small letter a with tilde	ã	ã	ã	ay tilda
latin small letter a with diaeresis	ä	ä	ä	ay umlaut
latin small letter a with ring above = latin small letter a ring	å	å	å	ay
latin small letter ae = latin small ligature ae	æ	æ	æ	ay e
latin small letter c with cedilla	ç	ç	ç	c cedilla
latin small letter e with grave	è	è	è	e gràve
latin small letter e with acute	é	é	é	e acute
latin small letter e with circumflex	ê	ê	ê	e circumflex
latin small letter e with diaeresis	ë	ë	ë	e umlaut
latin small letter i with grave	ì	ì	ì	i gràve
latin small letter i with acute	í	í	í	i acute
latin small letter i with circumflex	î	î	î	i circumflex
latin small letter i with diaeresis	ï	ï	ï	i umlaut
latin small letter eth	ð	ð	ð	eth
latin small letter n with tilde	ñ	ñ	ñ	any
latin small letter o with grave	ò	ò	ò	o gràve
latin small letter o with acute	ó	ó	ó	o acute
latin small letter o with circumflex	ô	ô	ô	o circumflex
latin small letter o with tilde	õ	õ	õ	o tilda
latin small letter o with diaeresis	ö	ö	ö	o umlaut
division sign	÷	÷	÷	divided by
latin small letter o with stroke = latin small letter o slash	ø	ø	ø	o
latin small letter u with grave	ù	ù	ù	u gràve
latin small letter u with acute	ú	ú	ú	u acute
latin small letter u with circumflex	û	û	û	u circumflex
latin small letter u with diaeresis	ü	ü	ü	u umlaut
latin small letter y with acute	ý	ý	ý	y acute
latin small letter thorn	þ	þ	þ	thorn
latin small letter y with diaeresis	ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	NOT SPOKEN

Symbols, Mathematical Symbols, and Greek Letters

Latin Extended-B

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
latin small f with hook = function = florin	ƒ	ƒ	ƒ	florin

Greek

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
greek capital letter alpha	Α	Α	Α	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter beta	Β	Β	Β	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter gamma	Γ	Γ	Γ	G
greek capital letter delta	Δ	Δ	Δ	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter epsilon	Ε	Ε	Ε	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter zeta	Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter eta	Η	Η	Η	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter theta	Θ	Θ	Θ	T
greek capital letter iota	Ι	Ι	Ι	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter kappa	Κ	Κ	Κ	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter lambda	Λ	Λ	Λ	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter mu	Μ	Μ	Μ	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter nu	Ν	Ν	Ν	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter xi	Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter omicron	Ο	Ο	Ο	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter pi	Π	Π	Π	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter rho	Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter sigma	Σ	Σ	Σ	S
greek capital letter tau	Τ	Τ	Τ	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter upsilon	Υ	Υ	Υ	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter phi	Φ	Φ	Φ	F
greek capital letter chi	Χ	Χ	Χ	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter psi	Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	NOT SPOKEN
greek capital letter omega	Ω	Ω	Ω	O
greek small letter alpha	α	α	α	ay
greek small letter beta	β	β	β	ess zed
greek small letter gamma	γ	γ	γ	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter delta	δ	δ	δ	d
greek small letter epsilon	ε	ε	ε	e
greek small letter zeta	ζ	ζ	ζ	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter eta	η	η	η	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter theta	θ	θ	θ	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter iota	ι	ι	ι	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter kappa	κ	κ	κ	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter lambda	λ	λ	λ	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter mu	μ	μ	μ	mu
greek small letter nu	ν	ν	ν	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter xi	ξ	ξ	ξ	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter omicron	ο	ο	ο	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter pi	π	π	π	p
greek small letter rho	ρ	ρ	ρ	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter final sigma	ς	ς	ς	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter sigma	σ	σ	σ	s
greek small letter tau	τ	τ	τ	t
greek small letter upsilon	υ	υ	υ	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter phi	φ	φ	φ	f
greek small letter chi	χ	χ	χ	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter psi	ψ	ψ	ψ	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter omega	ω	ω	ω	NOT SPOKEN
greek small letter theta symbol	ϑ	ϑ	ϑ	NOT SPOKEN
greek upsilon with hook symbol	ϒ	ϒ	ϒ	NOT SPOKEN
greek pi symbol	ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	NOT SPOKEN

General Punctuation

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
bullet = black small circle	•	•	•	bullet
horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader	…	…	…	ellipsis
prime = minutes = feet	′	′	′	NOT SPOKEN
double prime = seconds = inches	″	″	″	NOT SPOKEN
overline = spacing overscore	‾	‾	‾	NOT SPOKEN
fraction slash	⁄	⁄	⁄	slash

Letterlike Symbols

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p	℘	℘	℘	P
blackletter capital I = imaginary part	ℑ	ℑ	ℑ	I
blackletter capital R = real part symbol	ℜ	ℜ	ℜ	R
trade mark sign	™	™	™	trademark
alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal	ℵ	ℵ	ℵ	NOT SPOKEN

Arrows

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
leftwards arrow	←	←	←	NOT SPOKEN
upwards arrow	↑	↑	↑	NOT SPOKEN
rightwards arrow	→	→	→	NOT SPOKEN
downwards arrow	↓	↓	↓	NOT SPOKEN
left right arrow	↔	↔	↔	NOT SPOKEN
downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return	↵	↵	↵	NOT SPOKEN
leftwards double arrow	⇐	⇐	⇐	NOT SPOKEN
upwards double arrow	⇑	⇑	⇑	NOT SPOKEN
rightwards double arrow	⇒	⇒	⇒	NOT SPOKEN
downwards double arrow	⇓	⇓	⇓	NOT SPOKEN
left right double arrow	⇔	⇔	⇔	NOT SPOKEN

Mathematical Operators

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
for all	∀	∀	∀	NOT SPOKEN
partial differential	∂	∂	∂	NOT SPOKEN
there exists	∃	∃	∃	NOT SPOKEN
empty set = null set = diameter	∅	∅	∅	o
nabla = backward difference	∇	∇	∇	NOT SPOKEN
element of	∈	∈	∈	NOT SPOKEN
not an element of	∉	∉	∉	NOT SPOKEN
contains as member	∋	∋	∋	NOT SPOKEN
n-ary product = product sign	∏	∏	∏	NOT SPOKEN
n-ary summation	∑	∑	∑	NOT SPOKEN
minus sign	−	−	−	NOT SPOKEN
asterisk operator	∗	∗	∗	asterisk
square root = radical sign	√	√	√	v
proportional to	∝	∝	∝	NOT SPOKEN
infinity	∞	∞	∞	eight
angle	∠	∠	∠	NOT SPOKEN
logical and = wedge	∧	∧	∧	NOT SPOKEN
logical or = vee	∨	∨	∨	NOT SPOKEN
intersection = cap	∩	∩	∩	n
union = cup	∪	∪	∪	NOT SPOKEN
integral	∫	∫	∫	NOT SPOKEN
therefore	∴	∴	∴	NOT SPOKEN
tilde operator = varies with = similar to	∼	∼	∼	tilda
approximately equal to	≅	≅	≅	NOT SPOKEN
almost equal to = asymptotic to	≈	≈	≈	tilda
not equal to	≠	≠	≠	NOT SPOKEN
identical to	≡	≡	≡	equals
less-than or equal to	≤	≤	≤	equals
greater-than or equal to	≥	≥	≥	equals
subset of	⊂	⊂	⊂	NOT SPOKEN
superset of	⊃	⊃	⊃	NOT SPOKEN
not a subset of	⊄	⊄	⊄	NOT SPOKEN
subset of or equal to	⊆	⊆	⊆	NOT SPOKEN
superset of or equal to	⊇	⊇	⊇	NOT SPOKEN
circled plus = direct sum	⊕	⊕	⊕	NOT SPOKEN
circled times = vector product	⊗	⊗	⊗	NOT SPOKEN
up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular	⊥	⊥	⊥	NOT SPOKEN
dot operator	⋅	⋅	⋅	dot

Miscellaneous Technical

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
left ceiling = apl upstile	⌈	⌈	⌈	NOT SPOKEN
right ceiling	⌉	⌉	⌉	NOT SPOKEN
left floor = apl downstile	⌊	⌊	⌊	NOT SPOKEN
right floor	⌋	⌋	⌋	NOT SPOKEN
left-pointing angle bracket = bra	〈	⟨	〈	less than
right-pointing angle bracket = ket	〉	⟩	〉	greater than

Geometric Shapes

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
lozenge	◊	◊	◊	NOT SPOKEN

Miscellaneous Symbols

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
black spade suit	♠	♠	♠	NOT SPOKEN
black club suit = shamrock	♣	♣	♣	NOT SPOKEN
black heart suit = valentine	♥	♥	♥	NOT SPOKEN
black diamond suit	♦	♦	♦	black diamond suit

Markup-significant and Internationalization Characters

CO Controls and Basic Latin

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
quotation mark = APL quote	"	"	"	quote
ampersand	&	&	&	and
less-than sign	<	&lt;	&#60;	less
greater-than sign	>	&gt;	&#62;	greater

Latin Extended-A

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
latin capital ligature OE	Œ	Œ	Œ	O E
latin small ligature oe	œ	œ	œ	o e
latin capital letter S with caron	Š	Š	Š	S
latin small letter s with caron	š	š	š	s
latin capital letter Y with diaeresis	Ÿ	Ÿ	Ÿ	NOT SPOKEN

Spacing Modifier Letters

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
modifier letter circumflex accent	ˆ	ˆ	ˆ	NOT SPOKEN
small tilde	˜	˜	˜	tilda

General Punctuation

Description	The Character	Character Entity Reference	Numeric Character Reference	JAWS Output
en space		 	 	NOT SPOKEN
em space		 	 	NOT SPOKEN
thin space		 	 	NOT SPOKEN
zero width non-joiner	‌	‌	‌	NOT SPOKEN
zero width joiner	‍	‍	‍	NOT SPOKEN
left-to-right mark	‎	‎	‎	NOT SPOKEN
right-to-left mark	‏	‏	‏	NOT SPOKEN
en dash	–	–	–	en dash
em dash	—	—	—	em dash
left single quotation mark	‘	‘	‘	apostrophe
right single quotation mark	’	’	’	apostrophe
single low-9 quotation mark	‚	‚	‚	NOT SPOKEN
left double quotation mark	“	“	“	quote
right double quotation mark	”	”	”	quote
double low-9 quotation mark	„	„	„	NOT SPOKEN
dagger	†	†	†	single dagger
double dagger	‡	‡	‡	double dagger
per mille sign	‰	‰	‰	NOT SPOKEN
single left-pointing angle quotation mark	‹	‹	‹	NOT SPOKEN
single right-pointing angle quotation mark	›	›	›	NOT SPOKEN
euro sign	€	€	€	euros